How to format your references using the Medical Microbiology and Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Microbiology and Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bunk S (2002) Tearing down the barriers. Nature 416:4–7

A journal article with 2 authors

Shang Y, Bouffanais R (2014) Influence of the number of topologically interacting neighbors on swarm dynamics. Sci Rep 4:4184

A journal article with 3 authors

Osborne LC, Lisberger SG, Bialek W (2005) A sensory source for motor variation. Nature 437:412–416

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Roch N, Florens S, Bouchiat V, et al (2008) Quantum phase transition in a single-molecule quantum dot. Nature 453:633–637

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peterson RL (2016) Trading on Sentiment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Machado C, Davim JP (2016) MBA: Theory and Application of Business and Management Principles, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Joarde R, Crundwell N (2009) Consolidation. In: Joarde R, Crundwell N (eds) Chest X-Ray in Clinical Practice. Springer, London, pp 57–66

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Microbiology and Immunology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Philae Detected Organic Molecules On Comet. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/philae-detected-organic-molecules-comet/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1972) An Incident of Contamination of Livestock Feed and Certain Consumer Products. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mahiko J (2017) Community Connections: Supporting Rural Youth with Disabilities Who Are Work-Bound. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J (2017) A Neighborhood Wants Its Historic District Expanded. New York Times A17

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Abbreviation	Med. Microbiol. Immunol.
ISSN (print)	0300-8584
ISSN (online)	1432-1831
Scope	Immunology General Medicine Immunology and Allergy Microbiology (medical)