How to format your references using the Medical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Check E. Biologists seek blueprint for international stem-cell effort. Nature. 2003;421:102.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Knauth LP, Kennedy MJ. The late Precambrian greening of the Earth. Nature. 2009;460:728–32.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Whitney D, Westwood DA, Goodale MA. The influence of visual motion on fast reaching movements to a stationary object. Nature. 2003;423:869–73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ros A, Eichhorn R, Regtmeier J, Duong TT, Reimann P, Anselmetti D. Brownian motion: absolute negative particle mobility. Nature. 2005;436:928.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Allin P, Hand DJ. The Wellbeing of Nations. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Wood LN. Becoming a Mathematician: An international perspective. Petocz P, Reid A, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Thalheim B, Jaakkola H. The Cultural Background and Support for Smart Web Information Systems. In: Link S, Trujillo JC, editors. Advances in Conceptual Modeling: ER 2016 Workshops, AHA, MoBiD, MORE-BI, MReBA, QMMQ, SCME, and WM2SP, Gifu, Japan, November 14–17, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 30–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New process converts algae to crude oil in less than an hour. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Improvement of Certain Management Areas. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Jun. Report No.: 091301.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Naik M. Automating the process of antibiotic susceptibility testing [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gustines GG. DC and Marvel, Beware: Valiant Is to Make Films. New York Times. 2015 Mar 9;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Oncology
Abbreviation	Med. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1357-0560
ISSN (online)	1559-131X
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Hematology Oncology