How to format your references using the Medicine Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicine Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fredrickson, James K. 2015. ECOLOGY. Ecological communities by design. Science (New York, N.Y.) 348: 1425–1427.

A journal article with 2 authors

Domkin, Vladimir, and Andrei Chabes. 2014. Phosphines are ribonucleotide reductase reductants that act via C-terminal cysteines similar to thioredoxins and glutaredoxins. Scientific reports 4: 5539.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, Xianchun, Mary A. Schuler, and May R. Berenbaum. 2002. Jasmonate and salicylate induce expression of herbivore cytochrome P450 genes. Nature 419: 712–715.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Erlandson, Karl J., Stephanie B. M. Miller, Yunsun Nam, Andrew R. Osborne, Jochen Zimmer, and Tom A. Rapoport. 2008. A role for the two-helix finger of the SecA ATPase in protein translocation. Nature 455: 984–987.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peinado, Antonio M., and José C. Segura. 2006. Speech Recognition Over Digital Channels. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Kragler, Friedrich, and Martin Hülskamp, ed. 2012. Short and Long Distance Signaling. Vol. 3. Advances in Plant Biology. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hane, James K. 2015. Calculating RIP Mutation in Fungal Genomes Using RIPCAL. In Genetic Transformation Systems in Fungi, Volume 2, ed. Marco A. van den Berg and Karunakaran Maruthachalam, 69–78. Fungal Biology. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicine Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2014. How Do Blue Eyes Get Their Color? IFLScience. IFLScience. December 27.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Public Transportation: Multiple Factors Influence Extent of Transit-Oriented Development. GAO-15-70. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Galan, Maribel. 2012. Educational practices to support homeless students. Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, Sophia. 2007. Former Killing Ground Becomes Shrine to Stalin’s Victims. New York Times, June 8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fredrickson 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Domkin and Chabes 2014; Fredrickson 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Domkin and Chabes 2014)
Three or more authors: (Erlandson et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicine Studies
Abbreviation	Med. Stud.
ISSN (print)	1876-4533
ISSN (online)	1876-4541
Scope	General Medicine