How to format your references using the Membranes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Membranes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

King, J.S. Genetic Tests: Politics and Fetal Diagnostics Collide. Nature 2012, 491, 33–34.

A journal article with 2 authors

Marek, P.E.; Bond, J.E. Biodiversity Hotspots: Rediscovery of the World’s Leggiest Animal. Nature 2006, 441, 707.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen, J.; Rashid, T.; Feng, G. Esterase in Imported Fire Ants, Solenopsis Invicta and S. Richteri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Activity, Kinetics and Variation. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 7112.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Behrens, M.M.; Ali, S.S.; Dao, D.N.; Lucero, J.; Shekhtman, G.; Quick, K.L.; Dugan, L.L. Ketamine-Induced Loss of Phenotype of Fast-Spiking Interneurons Is Mediated by NADPH-Oxidase. Science 2007, 318, 1645–1647.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wang, Z.-G. Internal Combustion Processes of Liquid Rocket Engines; John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte Ltd: Singapore, 2016; ISBN 9781118890035.

An edited book

Gasquet, O. Kripke’s Worlds: An Introduction to Modal Logics via Tableaux; Herzig, A., Said, B., Schwarzentruber, F., Eds.; Studies in Universal Logic; Springer: Basel, 2014; ISBN 9783764385033.

A chapter in an edited book

Kumpfer, K.L.; Magalhães, C.; Kanse, S.A. Impact of Family Structure, Functioning, Culture, and Family-Based Interventions on Children’s Health. In Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents; Korin, M.R., Ed.; Current population reports; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2016; pp. 57–81 ISBN 9781489977090.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Membranes.

Blog post

Davis, J. Cold War Spy Satellites Used To Track Himalayan Glacier Retreat (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Motor Carrier Safety: Commercial Vehicle Registration Program Has Kept Unsafe Carriers from Operating, but Effectiveness Is Difficult to Measure; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2009;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shelton-Quinn, A. Increasing Positive Peer Reporting and on -Task Behavior Using a Peer Monitoring Interdependent Group Contingency Program with Public Posting. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University: Mississippi State, MS, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W. Court Is Asked For Debt Relief By Puerto Rico. New York Times 2017, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Membranes
Abbreviation	Membranes (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2077-0375
Scope	General Materials Science