How to format your references using the Methods of Information in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Methods of Information in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thorne KS. Retrospective: John Archibald Wheeler (1911-2008). Science 2008;320(5883):1603

A journal article with 2 authors

Smaglik P, Smith A. A route to flexible working. Nature 2002;415(6872):4–6

A journal article with 3 authors

Storey M, Duncan RA, Swisher CC 3rd. Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and the opening of the Northeast Atlantic. Science 2007;316(5824):587–589

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Clancy DJ, Gems D, Harshman LG, et al. Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein. Science 2001;292(5514):104–106

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stenholm S, Suominen K-A. Quantum Approach to Informatics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005

An edited book

Samples JR, Ahmed IIK, eds. Surgical Innovations in Glaucoma. New York, NY: Springer; 2014

A chapter in an edited book

Oostveen A-M, Hjorth I, Pickering B, et al. Cross-Disciplinary Lessons for the Future Internet. In: Álvarez F, Cleary F, Daras P, et al., eds. The Future Internet: Future Internet Assembly 2012: From Promises to Reality. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012:42–54

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Methods of Information in Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Keychain First Aid Kit Might Help Save The Bees. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/keychain-first-aid-kit-might-help-save-bees/. Accessed October 30, 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Shuttle: The Future of the Vandenberg Launch Site Needs to Be Determined. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; August 3, 1988. NSIAD-88-158

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Choi Y-J. Function of Commissureless and Related Genes in Drosophila Neural Development [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University; 2003

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Loomis G. Bringing Fresh Interpretations to Vintage Verdi and Handel. New York Times 2013;0

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^{1; 2}.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Methods of Information in Medicine
Abbreviation	Methods Inf. Med.
ISSN (print)	0026-1270
Scope	Health Informatics Advanced and Specialised Nursing Health Information Management