How to format your references using the Minds and Machines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Minds and Machines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wheeler, A. R. (2008). Chemistry. Putting electrowetting to work. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5901), 539–540.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rioux, J. D., & Abbas, A. K. (2005). Paths to understanding the genetic basis of autoimmune disease. Nature, 435(7042), 584–589.

A journal article with 3 authors

Attardo, A., Fitzgerald, J. E., & Schnitzer, M. J. (2015). Impermanence of dendritic spines in live adult CA1 hippocampus. Nature, 523(7562), 592–596.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ahn, C. H., Senthil, K., Cho, H. K., & Lee, S. Y. (2013). Artificial semiconductor/insulator superlattice channel structure for high-performance oxide thin-film transistors. Scientific reports, 3, 2737.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gleeson, K. (2008). The Personal Efficiency Program. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ching, W.-K. (2013). Markov Chains: Models, Algorithms and Applications. (X. Huang, M. K. Ng, & T.-K. Siu, Eds.) (2nd ed. 2013., Vol. 189). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Chen, Y., Chen, L., & Chen, Z. (2011). Generic Methods to Achieve Tighter Security Reductions for a Category of IBE Schemes. In F. Bao & J. Weng (Eds.), Information Security Practice and Experience: 7th International Conference, ISPEC 2011, Guangzhou, China, May 30 – June 1, 2011. Proceedings (pp. 40–54). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Minds and Machines.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2014, October 21). Jewelry That Harvests Energy From Your Veins. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/jewelry-harvests-energy-wearers/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Space Exploration: Cost, Schedule, and Performance of NASA’s Ulysses Mission to the Sun (No. NSIAD-88-129FS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warren, S. M. (2015). The leadership process: An analysis of follower influence on leader behavior in hospital organizations (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B., & Erdbrink, T. (2017, May 22). Siding With the Saudis. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wheeler 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Rioux and Abbas 2005; Wheeler 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rioux and Abbas 2005)
Three or more authors: (Ahn et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Minds and Machines
Abbreviation	Minds Mach. (Dordr.)
ISSN (print)	0924-6495
ISSN (online)	1572-8641
Scope	Philosophy Artificial Intelligence