How to format your references using the Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butler D (2007) Lost in translation. Nature 449:158–159

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang M, Liu W-M (2014) The d-p band-inversion topological insulator in bismuth-based skutterudites. Sci Rep 4:5131

A journal article with 3 authors

Nilius N, Wallis TM, Ho W (2002) Development of one-dimensional band structure in artificial gold chains. Science 297:1853–1856

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yang L, Anderson DE, Baecher-Allan C, et al (2008) IL-21 and TGF-beta are required for differentiation of human T(H)17 cells. Nature 454:350–352

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Todeschini R, Baccini A (2016) Handbook of Bibliometric Indicators. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Mason JE (2016) Machine Learning Techniques for Gait Biometric Recognition: Using the Ground Reaction Force, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Kumar S, Managi S (2009) Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and the Environment. In: Kumar S (ed) The Economics of Sustainable Development: The Case of India. Springer US, New York, NY, pp 65–81

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) 13,000-Year-Old Nanodiamonds Found On Three Continents. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) Information Technology: Leveraging Best Practices to Help Ensure Successful Major Acquisitions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ward CS (2012) Movin’ Around. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2013) S.&P. Seeks Dismissal of U.S. Civil Suit Over Rating of Mortgage Debt. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Butler 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Butler 2007; Yang and Liu 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yang and Liu 2014)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Abbreviation	Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang.
ISSN (print)	1381-2386
ISSN (online)	1573-1596
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change