How to format your references using the Mobile Networks and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mobile Networks and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Evans RL (2008) Geochemistry. Carbon in charge. Science 322:1338–1340

A journal article with 2 authors

McMichael RD, Stiles MD (2008) Physics. A new spin on the Doppler effect. Science 322:386–387

A journal article with 3 authors

Navarro-González R, McKay CP, Mvondo DN (2001) A possible nitrogen crisis for Archaean life due to reduced nitrogen fixation by lightning. Nature 412:61–64

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ng KL, Li J-D, Cheng MY, et al (2005) Dependence of olfactory bulb neurogenesis on prokineticin 2 signaling. Science 308:1923–1927

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kassapoglou C (2015) Modeling the Effect of Damage in Composite Structures. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Chung P, Soltoggio A, Dawson CW, et al (2016) Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Computer Science in Sports (ISCSS), 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Both F, Gerritsen C, Hoogendoorn M, Treur J (2008) Model-Based Default Refinement of Partial Information within an Ambient Agent. In: Mühlhäuser M, Ferscha A, Aitenbichler E (eds) Constructing Ambient Intelligence: AmI 2007 Workshops Darmstadt, Germany, November 7-10, 2007 Revised Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 34–43

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mobile Networks and Applications.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) Slowing Down Video Evidence May Make Jurors More Likely To Convict. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) Guidelines for Survey of the Pricing of Negotiated Noncompetitive DOD Prime Contracts With McDonnell Douglas and Raytheon and NASA Prime Contracts With General Electric. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Barnett J (2017) Understanding gender differences in teachers’ level of insight as it relates to ADHD. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rutenberg J (2017) For Disney Chief, an Unlikely Political Turn. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Mobile Networks and Applications
Abbreviation	Mob. Netw. Appl.
ISSN (print)	1383-469X
ISSN (online)	1572-8153
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software