How to format your references using the Multilingual Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multilingual Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butler, Declan. 2003. Spiralling costs dog comet mission. Nature 423: 372.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mani, R. G., and A. Kriisa. 2013. Magneto-transport characteristics of a 2D electron system driven to negative magneto-conductivity by microwave photoexcitation. Scientific reports 3: 3478.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ginsberg, Naomi S., Sean R. Garner, and Lene Vestergaard Hau. 2007. Coherent control of optical information with matter wave dynamics. Nature 445: 623–626.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Chen, Y. L., J-H Chu, J. G. Analytis, Z. K. Liu, K. Igarashi, H-H Kuo, X. L. Qi, et al. 2010. Massive Dirac fermion on the surface of a magnetically doped topological insulator. Science (New York, N.Y.) 329: 659–662.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rao, K. R., Zoran S. Bojkovic, and Dragorad A. Milovanovic. 2005. Introduction to Multimedia Communications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Axford, John S., ed. 2005. Glycobiology and Medicine: Proceedings of the 7th Jenner Glycobiology and Medicine Symposium. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Régnier-Loilier, Arnaud, and France Prioux. 2015. Family Behaviours and Religious Practice in France. In The Contemporary Family in France: Partnership Trajectories and Domestic Organization, ed. Arnaud Régnier-Loilier, 87–111. INED Population Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multilingual Education.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2015. High-Fructose Corn Syrup is More Toxic to Mice than Table Sugar. IFLScience. IFLScience. January 6.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. Customs Automation: Observations on Selected Automated Commercial System Modules. IMTEC-89-4BR. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Besson, Paul S. 2015. Affective Organizational Commitment: A Comparative View of the Experience of 5-7 Year Managerial Employees Who Participated in an Employee Identity Network. Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. 2009. A Football Program Ends. A Romance Doesn’t. New York Times, December 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Butler 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Butler 2003; Mani and Kriisa 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mani and Kriisa 2013)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Multilingual Education
Abbreviation	Multiling. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2191-5059
Scope