How to format your references using the Music Education Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Music Education Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldstein, David B. 2011. “Growth of Genome Screening Needs Debate.” Nature 476 (7358): 27–28.

A journal article with 2 authors

Badzey, Robert L., and Pritiraj Mohanty. 2005. “Coherent Signal Amplification in Bistable Nanomechanical Oscillators by Stochastic Resonance.” Nature 437 (7061): 995–998.

A journal article with 3 authors

Naundorf, Björn, Fred Wolf, and Maxim Volgushev. 2006. “Unique Features of Action Potential Initiation in Cortical Neurons.” Nature 440 (7087): 1060–1063.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Kong, Yen P., Bita Carrion, Rahul K. Singh, and Andrew J. Putnam. 2013. “Matrix Identity and Tractional Forces Influence Indirect Cardiac Reprogramming.” Scientific Reports 3 (December 2013): 3474.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Matthys, Walter, and John E. Lochman. 2016. Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in Childhood. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Pitilakis, K., H. Crowley, and A. M. Kaynia, eds. 2014. SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk: Buildings, Lifelines, Transportation Networks and Critical Facilities. Vol. 27. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Moura Neto, Francisco Duarte, and Antônio José da Silva Neto. 2013. “Image Restoration.” In An Introduction to Inverse Problems with Applications, edited by Antônio José da Silva Neto, 85–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Music Education Research.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2015. “E. Coli Gets a Circadian Clock Transplant.” IFLScience, IFLScience, June 15. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/e-coli-gets-circadian-clock-transplant/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1974. Charges Made by the National Federation of the Blind Against the National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind and Visually Handicapped. B-176886. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McClenahan, Abbe. 2017. “The Impact of Media Promulgated Fear on the Psyche: Love Will Prevail.” Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, Mary Williams. 2010. “European Debt Crisis Could Touch A.I.G.” New York Times, May 22, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldstein 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Goldstein 2011; Badzey and Mohanty 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Badzey and Mohanty 2005)
Three authors: (Naundorf, Wolf, and Volgushev 2006)
4 or more authors: (Kong et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Music Education Research
Abbreviation	Music Educ. Res.
ISSN (print)	1461-3808
ISSN (online)	1469-9893
Scope	Music Education