How to format your references using the Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal (NST). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Starr, C., Powerful Reactions, Nature, vol. 406, no. 6797, p. 679, August 17, 2000.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cruz, G. and Lowe, G., Neural Coding of Binary Mixtures in a Structurally Related Odorant Pair, Scientific Reports, vol. 3, p. 1220, February 5, 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cho, M. K., McGee, G. and Magnus, D., Research Conduct. Lessons of the Stem Cell Scandal, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 311, no. 5761, pp. 614–15, February 3, 2006.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Iitsuka, T., Mita, K., Hozumi, A., Hamada, M., Satoh, N. and Sasakura, Y., Transposon-Mediated Targeted and Specific Knockdown of Maternally Expressed Transcripts in the Ascidian Ciona Intestinalis, Scientific Reports, vol. 4, p. 5050, May 23, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Polushkin, V., Nuclear Electronics, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005.

An edited book

Zuluaga, L. F. and Terlaky, T. Eds., Modeling and Optimization: Theory and Applications: Selected Contributions from the MOPTA 2012 Conference, New York, NY: Springer, VII, 136 p. 10 illus, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Sampaolesi, R., Sampaolesi, J. R. and Zárate, J., Genetics, Heredity, and Molecular Biology in Glaucoma, in The Glaucomas: Volume II - Open Angle Glaucoma and Angle Closure Glaucoma, J. R. Sampaolesi and J. Zárate, Eds., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 71–84, 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., Galaxy Collisions Might Be Shrouding Black Holes In Dust, IFLScience, June 5, 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Fees: Review of Air Carriers’ Year 2000 Passenger and Property Screening Costs, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-05-558, Apr. 18, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia, R., The California State University Education Doctorate: Public Policy for the Public Good, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., Legal Victory for Families of Disabled Students, New York Times, May 22, 2007.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Starr, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Starr, 2000; Cruz et al., 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cruz et al., 2013)
Three or more authors: (Iitsuka et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal
ISSN (print)	2572-4258
ISSN (online)	2572-4266
Scope