How to format your references using the Neurospine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurospine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Andreae MO. Atmospheric science. A new look at aging aerosols. Science 2009;326(5959):1493–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kato Y, Kaneko MK. A cancer-specific monoclonal antibody recognizes the aberrantly glycosylated podoplanin. Sci Rep 2014;4:5924.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wynn TA, Chawla A, Pollard JW. Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease. Nature 2013;496(7446):445–55.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Magnuson M, Schmitt T, Strocov VN, et al. Self-doping processes between planes and chains in the metal-to-superconductor transition of YBa2Cu3O6.9. Sci Rep 2014;4:7017.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hagen J. Chemiereaktoren. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2017.

An edited book

Feng H, Barbosa-Canovas G, Weiss J, editors. Ultrasound Technologies for Food and Bioprocessing. 1st ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Lusk E. Using MPI to Implement Scalable Libraries. In: Ropo M, Westerholm J, Dongarra J, editors. Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface: 16th European PVM/MPI Users’ Group Meeting, Espoo, Finland, September 7-10, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009:6–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurospine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Walking on Water: Easier Than It Sounds [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/walking-water-easier-it-sounds/. Accessed October 30, 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Survey To Identify Models Used by Executive Agencies in the Policymaking Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cannon CA. Comparison of language arts scores between computerized and teacher differentiation of instruction. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Review: ‘Videofilia (and Other Viral Syndromes)’ Is a Digital Hall of Mirrors. New York Times. 2016;C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurospine
ISSN (print)	2586-6583
ISSN (online)	2586-6591
Scope