How to format your references using the North American Journal of Economics and Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for North American Journal of Economics and Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yamanouchi, K. (2002). The next frontier. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5560), 1659–1660.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ogura, K., & Okamura, H. (2013). Conformational change of Sos-derived proline-rich peptide upon binding Grb2 N-terminal SH3 domain probed by NMR. Scientific Reports, 3, 2913.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ahn, C. H., Triscone, J.-M., & Mannhart, J. (2003). Electric field effect in correlated oxide systems. Nature, 424(6952), 1015–1018.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Liao, T., Sun, Z., Sun, C., Dou, S. X., & Searles, D. J. (2014). Electronic coupling and catalytic effect on H2 evolution of MoS2/graphene nanocatalyst. Scientific Reports, 4, 6256.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hu, W. (2015). Fundamental Spacecraft Dynamics and Control. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Bajd, T. (2013). Introduction to Robotics (M. Mihelj & M. Munih, Eds.). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

de Noya, B. A., & González, O. N. (2015). Clinical Aspects in Foodborne Chagas Disease. In O. González & L. J. Robertson (Eds.), Trypanosoma cruzi as a Foodborne Pathogen (pp. 33–40). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for North American Journal of Economics and Finance.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, May 9). Electronic Pollution Disorients Migratory Robins. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/electronic-pollution-disorients-migratory-robins/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Evaluation of the Department of the Army’s Personnel and Cost Estimates for an Electronics Research and Development Command (LCD-76-465). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nellenbach, K. M. (2010). Contributions of oral language, problem-solving, and reading attitudes to young adolescents’ silent reading comprehension [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee, L. (2009, September 17). Low-Upkeep Gardens, but Not Dirt Cheap. New York Times, D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Yamanouchi, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Ogura & Okamura, 2013; Yamanouchi, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ogura & Okamura, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Liao et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	North American Journal of Economics and Finance
ISSN (print)	1062-9408
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance