How to format your references using the Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Li WKW. Macroecological patterns of phytoplankton in the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean. Nature. 2002;419:154–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Deuker MM, McMahon M. Cancer biology: Enzyme meets a surprise target. Nature. 2014;510:225–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Moser DE, Flowers RM, Hart RJ. Birth of the Kaapvaal tectosphere 3.08 billion years ago. Science. 2001;291:465–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Organ CL, Janes DE, Meade A, Pagel M. Genotypic sex determination enabled adaptive radiations of extinct marine reptiles. Nature. 2009;461:389–92.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Davies D. Philosophy of the Performing Arts. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Pigola S. Vanishing and Finiteness Results in Geometric Analysis: A Generalization of the Bochner Technique. Setti AG, Rigoli M, editors. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Monakhova EV. Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Epidemic and Non-epidemic Vibrio cholerae Strains Isolated in Russia and Certain Countries of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In: Ramamurthy T, Bhattacharya SK, editors. Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects on Cholera. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. p. 51–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Did Humans Coexist with Saber Cats? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/did-humans-coexist-saber-cats/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Status of FAA’s Modernization Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Apr. Report No.: RCED-94-167FS.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Dennard B. The Impact of Racial Centrality on Authenticity and the Race-Based Impression Management Strategies of Black Management Consultants [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. The Goal Is to Win, and to Be Heard. New York Times. 2016 Dec 6;C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Abbreviation	Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging (2010)
ISSN (print)	1869-3474
ISSN (online)	1869-3482
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging