How to format your references using the Nursing Outlook citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nursing Outlook. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pardoll, D. M. (2001). Immunology. Stress, NK receptors, and immune surveillance. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5542), 534–536.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pena, L. D., & Goldstein, S. L. (2014). Thermohaline circulation crisis and impacts during the mid-Pleistocene transition. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6194), 318–322.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nowak, M. A., Tarnita, C. E., & Wilson, E. O. (2010). The evolution of eusociality. Nature, 466(7310), 1057–1062.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Lottermoser, T., Lonkai, T., Amann, U., Hohlwein, D., Ihringer, J., & Fiebig, M. (2004). Magnetic phase control by an electric field. Nature, 430(6999), 541–544.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Irene, E. A. (2005). Electronic Materials Science. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Matthäus-Maier, I., & Pischke, J. D. von (Eds.). (2005). EU Accession — Financial Sector Opportunities and Challenges for Southeast Europe. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Müller-Ibold, T. (2010). Foreign Investment in Germany: Restrictions Based on Public Security Concerns and Their Compatibility with EU Law. In C. Herrmann & J. P. Terhechte (Eds.), European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2010 (pp. 103–122). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nursing Outlook.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, July 13). AIDS Epidemic In Australia Declared “Over” By Experts. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/aids-epidemic-in-australia-declared-over-by-experts/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Education and Care: Head Start Key Among Array of Early Childhood Programs, but National Research on Effectiveness Not Completed (GAO-03-840T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brown, L. T. (2009). Identifying potential co-repressors associated with dexamethasone-induced repression of the MUC5AC gene [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, May 10). Mets Lose Out on a Sweep as Familia and Flores Don’t Have It. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pardoll, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Pardoll, 2001; Pena & Goldstein, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pena & Goldstein, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Lottermoser et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Nursing Outlook
Abbreviation	Nurs. Outlook
ISSN (print)	0029-6554
Scope	General Nursing