How to format your references using the Obesity Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Obesity Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ikeda SR. Signal transduction. Calcium channels--link locally, act globally. Science. 2001;294:318–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Piotrowska K, Zernicka-Goetz M. Role for sperm in spatial patterning of the early mouse embryo. Nature. 2001;409:517–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mizukami T, Wallis SR, Yamamoto J. Natural examples of olivine lattice preferred orientation patterns with a flow-normal a-axis maximum. Nature. 2004;427:432–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Fu Z, Berhane F, Fite A, Seyoum B, Abou-Samra AB, Zhang R. Elevated circulating lipasin/betatrophin in human type 2 diabetes and obesity. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Raymond SU. Recession, Recovery, and Renewal: Long-Term Nonprofit Strategies for Rapid Economic Change. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Mosteller F. The Pleasures of Statistics: The Autobiography of Frederick Mosteller. Fienberg SE, Hoaglin DC, Tanur JM, editors. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Mekid S, Starr A, Pietruszkiewicz R. Intelligent Wireless Sensors. In: Holmberg K, Adgar A, Arnaiz A, Jantunen E, Mascolo J, Mekid S, editors. E-maintenance. London: Springer; 2010. p. 83–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Obesity Surgery.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Fossils From Some Of The Earliest Four-Legged Animals Found In Scotland. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: FDA Needs to Fully Implement Key Management Practices to Lessen Modernization Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Mar. Report No.: GAO-12-346.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Van Vlack KA. Puaxant tuvip: Powerlands Southern Paiute cultural landscapes and pilgrimage trails [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. Contemporary Art Prize Is Awarded In Russia. New York Times. 2009 Dec 12;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Obesity Surgery
Abbreviation	Obes. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0960-8923
ISSN (online)	1708-0428
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Surgery Nutrition and Dietetics