How to format your references using the Ocean Science Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ocean Science Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stringer, C.: Evolution: What makes a modern human, Nature, 485, 33–35, 2012.

A journal article with 2 authors

D’Souza, V. and Summers, M. F.: Structural basis for packaging the dimeric genome of Moloney murine leukaemia virus, Nature, 431, 586–590, 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jasny, B. R., Zahn, L. M., and Marshall, E.: Complex systems and networks. Connections. Introduction, Science, 325, 405, 2009.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Shi, S., Xu, C., Yang, C., Chen, Y., Liu, J., and Kang, F.: Flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheets with outstanding electrochemical performance and aesthetic property, Sci. Rep., 3, 2598, 2013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abner, D. J.: The ETF Handbook, John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

Wannemacker, S. D., Vandercruysse, S., and Clarebout, G. (Eds.): Serious Games: The Challenge: ITEC/CIP and T 2011: Joint Conference of the Interdisciplinary Research Group on Technology, Education, and Communication, and the Scientific Network on Critical and Flexible Thinking Ghent, Belgium, October 19-21, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, VIII, 91 p. 10 illus p., 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Ardabili, P. N. and Liu, M.: Establishing Network Reputation via Mechanism Design, in: Game Theory for Networks: Third International ICST Conference, GameNets 2012, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 24-26, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, edited by: Krishnamurthy, V., Zhao, Q., Huang, M., and Wen, Y., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 47–62, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ocean Science Discussions.

Blog post

Luntz, S.: University Of Toronto Teaches Students That Cancer Is Good And Vaccines Are Unsafe, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/university-toronto-teaches-students-cancer-good/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2015., 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Critical Infrastructure Protection: Sector-Specific Agencies Need to Better Measure Cybersecurity Progress, GAO-16-79, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marlatt, E. S.: Effects of accelerated instruction on achievement gains of underprepared Catholic high school freshmen, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu, L.: Trump Tale of Pershing Killing Muslim Captives ‘Has No Basis in Truth,’ , New York Times18th AugustA16, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stringer, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (D’Souza and Summers, 2004; Stringer, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (D’Souza and Summers, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Shi et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ocean Science Discussions
Abbreviation	Ocean Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1812-0822
Scope	Oceanography Palaeontology