How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Begelman M. Astronomy. A flare for acceleration. Science. 2009 Jul;325(5939):399–400.

A journal article with 2 authors

Taylor R, Forge A. Developmental biology. Life after deaf for hair cells? Science. 2005 Feb;307(5712):1056–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Clauset A, Moore C, Newman MEJ. Hierarchical structure and the prediction of missing links in networks. Nature. 2008 May;453(7191):98–101.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sano Y, Inamura K, Miyake A, Mochizuki S, Yokoi H, Matsushime H, et al. Immunocyte Ca2+ influx system mediated by LTRPC2. Science. 2001 Aug;293(5533):1327–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gwynne A. Guide to Building Control. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.

An edited book

Grøn Ø. Einstein’s Theory: A Rigorous Introduction for the Mathematically Untrained. 1st ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Dabbagh N, Benson AD, Denham A, Joseph R, Al-Freih M, Zgheib G, et al. Social Media. In: Benson AD, Denham A, Joseph R, Al-Freih M, Zgheib G, Fake H, et al., editors. Learning Technologies and Globalization: Pedagogical Frameworks and Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 21–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. NASA’s Going To Launch A Flying Saucer Today - Here’s How To Watch [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Jun

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Impact of Funding on Materials R&D Programs in the Departments of Energy and Commerce, and NASA Since FY 1980. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Flynn MJ. Lifeguard employability skills. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Bolshoi Official Raises Attack Questions. New York Times. 2013 Mar;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Research
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Res.
ISSN (print)	0030-3747
ISSN (online)	1423-0259
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Sensory Systems