How to format your references using the Pastoralism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pastoralism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball, P. 2001. Life’s lessons in design. Nature 409: 413–416.

A journal article with 2 authors

Derse, David, and Gisela Heidecker. 2003. Virology. Forced entry--or does HTLV-I have the key? Science (New York, N.Y.) 299: 1670–1671.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vecchi, Gabriel A., Kyle L. Swanson, and Brian J. Soden. 2008. Climate change. Whither hurricane activity? Science (New York, N.Y.) 322: 687–689.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhou, Miao, Wenmei Ming, Zheng Liu, Zhengfei Wang, Yugui Yao, and Feng Liu. 2014. Formation of quantum spin Hall state on Si surface and energy gap scaling with strength of spin orbit coupling. Scientific reports 4: 7102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Klee, Lukas. 2015. International Construction Contract Law. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Tempo, Roberto. 2013. Randomized Algorithms for Analysis and Control of Uncertain Systems: With Applications. Edited by Giuseppe Calafiore and Fabrizio Dabbene. 2nd ed. 2013. Communications and Control Engineering. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Varon, Joseph, and Robert E. Fromm. 2014. Hematological Facts and Formulas. In Acute and Critical Care Formulas and Laboratory Values, ed. Robert E. Fromm Jr., 45–52. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pastoralism.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. Logical Circuits Created With Slime Molds. IFLScience. IFLScience. March 28.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2015. Federal Aviation Administration: Improved Tracking of Results Needed to Provide Confidence in Benefits of Streamlining Activities. GAO-15-247. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Whitbeck, Douglas Craig. 2013. Mapping of Sonoran Desert vegetation communities of San Cristobal Valley and southern Sentinel Plains, Barry M. Goldwater Range and variables influencing route proliferation in the Barry M. Goldwater Range’s San Cristobal Valley. Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Butler, Susan. 2017. Searching for Amelia Earhart. New York Times, July 11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ball 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Ball 2001; Derse and Heidecker 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Derse and Heidecker 2003)
Three or more authors: (Zhou et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pastoralism
Abbreviation	Pastoralism
ISSN (online)	2041-7136
Scope