How to format your references using the Pathogens citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathogens. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alvarez, M. Time for a Change. Nature 2007, 445, 682.

A journal article with 2 authors

Langley, J.A.; Megonigal, J.P. Ecosystem Response to Elevated CO(2) Levels Limited by Nitrogen-Induced Plant Species Shift. Nature 2010, 466, 96–99.

A journal article with 3 authors

Morens, D.M.; Subbarao, K.; Taubenberger, J.K. Engineering H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses to Study Human Adaptation. Nature 2012, 486, 335–340.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zimborás, Z.; Faccin, M.; Kádár, Z.; Whitfield, J.D.; Lanyon, B.P.; Biamonte, J. Quantum Transport Enhancement by Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2361.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kowalick, T.M. Fatal Exit; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2004; ISBN 9780471715962.

An edited book

Waller, P. Irrigation and Drainage Engineering; Yitayew, M., Ed.; 1st ed. 2016.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; ISBN 9783319056982.

A chapter in an edited book

Sobhani-Tehrani, E.; Khorasani, K. Application to a Satellite’s Attitude Control Subsystem. In Fault Diagnosis of Nonlinear Systems Using a Hybrid Approach; Khorasani, K., Ed.; Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2009; pp. 99–217 ISBN 9780387929064.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathogens.

Blog post

Fang, J. City Rabbits Downsize to Studio Apartments Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/city-rabbits-downsize-studio-apartments/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office What Is the Role of Federal Assistance for Vocational Education?; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1974;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gullett, D.L. Lived Experience of Suffering through the 2010 Earthquake in Haiti. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University: Boca Raton, FL, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gant, K. Quotation of the Day. New York Times 2011, A3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathogens
Abbreviation	Pathogens
ISSN (online)	2076-0817
Scope