How to format your references using the Pathophysiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathophysiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.J. Hijmans, Comment on “Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species’ optimum elevations,” Science 334 (2011) 177; author reply 177.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

G. Kassiotis, A. O’Garra, Immunology. Immunity benefits from a little suppression, Science 320 (2008) 1168–1169.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A.B.S. Sidhu, D. Verdier-Pinard, D.A. Fidock, Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites conferred by pfcrt mutations, Science 298 (2002) 210–213.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A.C. Denicol, K.B. Dobbs, K.M. McLean, S.F. Carambula, B. Loureiro, P.J. Hansen, Canonical WNT signaling regulates development of bovine embryos to the blastocyst stage, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1266.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C. Wren, Concise Guide to Pediatric Arrhythmias, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

C. Artho, P.C. Ölveczky, eds., Formal Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems: 4th International Workshop, FTSCS 2015, Paris, France, November 6-7, 2015. Revised Selected Papers, 1st ed. 2016, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Chaudhry, M.H. Musani, Utilization of CCTA for Structural Diseases, in: E.J. Feldmann, M. Poon (Eds.), Clinical Pearls in Diagnostic Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015: pp. 123–163.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathophysiology.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, 60% Of Primate Species Now Threatened With Extinction, Says Major New Study, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/60-of-primate-species-now-threatened-with-extinction-says-major-new-study/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Technology Development: New DOD Space Science and Technology Strategy Provides Basis for Optimizing Investments, but Future Versions Need to Be More Robust, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. Grether, All You Need is Love? An Examination of Interracial Divorce, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Phillips-Sandy, Follow Me, Follow My Mom, New York Times (2013) A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathophysiology
Abbreviation	Pathophysiology
ISSN (print)	0928-4680
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine Physiology (medical)