How to format your references using the Communication Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Communication Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Running, S. W. (2008). Climate change. Ecosystem disturbance, carbon, and climate. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5889), 652–653.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shao, Z., & Vollrath, F. (2002). Surprising strength of silkworm silk. Nature, 418(6899), 741.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, K. S., Riser, S. C., & Karl, D. M. (2010). Nitrate supply from deep to near-surface waters of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Nature, 465(7301), 1062–1065.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Medaglia, C., Giladi, A., Stoler-Barak, L., De Giovanni, M., Salame, T. M., Biram, A., David, E., Li, H., Iannacone, M., Shulman, Z., & Amit, I. (2017). Spatial reconstruction of immune niches by combining photoactivatable reporters and scRNA-seq. Science (New York, N.Y.), 358(6370), 1622–1626.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, R. E., Carraher, E., & DeLisle, P. (2017). Leading Collaborative Architectural Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Plüss, C., & Chan, K.-B. (Eds.). (2012). Living Intersections: Transnational Migrant Identifications in Asia (Vol. 2). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Harmáčková, Z. V., Lorencová, E. K., & Vačkář, D. (2016). Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: Costs and Benefits of Participatory Ecosystem Services Scenarios for Šumava National Park, Czech Republic. In F. G. Renaud, K. Sudmeier-Rieux, M. Estrella, & U. Nehren (Eds.), Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation in Practice (pp. 99–129). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Communication Education.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, September 27). The Helmeted Hornbill Is The Latest “Trend” In The Illegal Wildlife Trade. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-helmeted-hornbill-is-the-latest-trend-in-the-illegal-wildlife-trade/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Motor Carrier Safety: Improvements to Drug Testing Programs Could Better Identify Illegal Drug Users and Keep Them off the Road (GAO-08-600). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sato, O. (2010). The use of statistical metrics as a decision making tool in brief experimental analysis [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, R. (2008, June 6). QUOTATION OF THE DAY. New York Times, A3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Running, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Running, 2008; Shao & Vollrath, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shao & Vollrath, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Medaglia et al., 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Communication Education
Abbreviation	Commun. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0363-4523
ISSN (online)	1479-5795
Scope	Language and Linguistics Education Communication