How to format your references using the Pediatric Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DeWeerdt S. Diagnostics: a testing journey. Nature. 2011 Jun;474(7350):S20-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stevenson IR, Bryant DM. Climate change and constraints on breeding. Nature. 2000 Jul;406(6794):366–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saeed Y, Singh N, Schwingenschlögl U. Superior thermoelectric response in the 3R phases of hydrated NaxRhO2. Sci Rep. 2014 Mar;4:4390.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Stanfield RL, Dooley H, Flajnik MF, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a shark single-domain antibody V region in complex with lysozyme. Science. 2004 Sep;305(5691):1770–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Love J, Bryant JA. Biofuels and Bioenergy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Guyenne P, Nicholls D, Sulem C, editors. Hamiltonian Partial Differential Equations and Applications. 1st ed. 2015. New York, NY: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

De Haes S, Van Grembergen W. COBIT as a Framework for Enterprise Governance of IT. In: Van Grembergen W, editor. Enterprise Governance of Information Technology: Achieving Alignment and Value, Featuring COBIT 5. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015; pp 103–28.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Neurosurgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists May Have Solved Origins Of Mysterious Feature In Venus’ Atmosphere [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Mar [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-may-have-solved-origins-mysterious-feature-venus-atmosphere/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Environmental Satellites: Focused Attention Needed to Improve Mitigation Strategies for Satellite Coverage Gaps. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Park A. Borderland beyond: Korean migrants and the creation of a modern state boundary between Korea and Russia, 1860-1937. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Namath Has His Own Memories of ’65. New York Times. 2010 Jan;B18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	1016-2291
ISSN (online)	1423-0305
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery