How to format your references using the Pediatric Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ganz T. Immunology. Versatile defensins. Science 2002;298(5595):977–979.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yedid G, Bell G. Macroevolution simulated with autonomously replicating computer programs. Nature 2002;420(6917):810–812.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pollitz FF, Wicks C, Thatcher W. Mantle flow beneath a continental strike-slip fault: postseismic deformation after the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. Science 2001;293(5536):1814–1818.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Eisenmesser EZ, Bosco DA, Akke M, Kern D. Enzyme dynamics during catalysis. Science 2002;295(5559):1520–1523.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Palaveev P. The Ensemble Practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Chen L, Mitchell C, eds. Security Standardisation Research: First International Conference, SSR 2014, London, UK, December 16-17, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Blakeley S. Acute Kidney Injury. In: Blakeley S, ed. Renal Failure and Replacement Therapies. Competency-Based Critical Care. London: Springer; 2008:19–25.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Practice and Research.

Blog post

Andrew D. 33 Stunning Images Shortlisted For The Sony World Photography Awards 2017. IFLScience 2017. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/33-stunning-images-shortlisted-for-the-sony-world-photography-awards-2017/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. GAO ADP Data Lines: Issue No. 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Razo SI. Parenting practices of Latina mothers and children’s behavior outcomes. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kolomatsky M. September’s Most Popular Listings. New York Times. October 5, 2017:RE2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Practice and Research
ISSN (print)	2147-6470
Scope