How to format your references using the Pharmaceutical Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmaceutical Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Macilwain C. World view: ERA of austerity. Nature. 2010;466:314.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Alexandrakis G, Poulos SΕ. An holistic approach to beach erosion vulnerability assessment. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6078.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Helled R, Galanti E, Kaspi Y. Saturn’s fast spin determined from its gravitational field and oblateness. Nature. 2015;520:202–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wang F, Cheng K, Wei X, Qin H, Chen R, Liu J, et al. A six-plex proteome quantification strategy reveals the dynamics of protein turnover. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1827.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rossi RJ. Theorems, Corollaries, Lemmas, and Methods of Proof. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

1. Gutschow N, Weiler K, editors. Spirits in Transcultural Skies: Auspicious and Protective Spirits in Artefacts and Architecture Between East and West. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lücke J. Dynamics of Cortical Columns – Sensitive Decision Making. In: Duch W, Kacprzyk J, Oja E, Zadrożny S, editors. Artificial Neural Networks: Biological Inspirations – ICANN 2005: 15th International Conference, Warsaw, Poland, September 11-15, 2005 Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. p. 25–30.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmaceutical Medicine.

Blog post

1. Davis J. C-Sections Might Be Altering Human Evolution. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Poor Design and Management Hamper Army’s Basic Skills Education Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983 Jun. Report No.: FPCD-83-19.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Jozwiak AL. Social work internship stipend program: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rothenberg B. Zverev and Konta Lose In French Open Upsets. New York Times. 2017 May 30;B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmaceutical Medicine
Abbreviation	Pharmaceut. Med.
ISSN (print)	1178-2595
ISSN (online)	1179-1993
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology