How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. McLaren A. Art imitates life. Science. 2000;288:1777.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nussenzveig P, Barata JCA. Physics. A drop of quantum matter. Science. 2010;328:1491–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Blair AC, Fisher ER, Rickey D. IBI* series winner. Discovering nanoscience. Science. 2012;337:1056–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lewis FD, Liu X, Liu J, Miller SE, Hayes RT, Wasielewski MR. Direct measurement of hole transport dynamics in DNA. Nature. 2000;406:51–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bisgaard S, Kulahci M. Time Series Analysis and Forecasting by Example: Bisgaard/Time Series by Example. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Meiners CR. Hardware Based Packet Classification for High Speed Internet Routers. Liu AX, Torng E, editors. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Talbott MR, Estes A, Zierhut C, Dawson G, Rogers SJ. Early Start Denver Model. In: Lang R, Hancock TB, Singh NN, editors. Early Intervention for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 113–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Crowdsourcing The Serengeti: How Citizen Scientists Classified Millions Of Photos From Home [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crowdsourcing-serengeti-how-citizen-scientists-classified-millions-photos-home/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information on Prime Sponsor CETA Expenditures Related to Membership Organizations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Oct. Report No.: HRD-82-5.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Pokhrel P. Towards improved identification of spatially-distributed rainfall runoff models [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Ukraine: Court Rejects Charges Against President. New York Times. 2002 Dec 28;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles
ISSN (print)	1612-3727
ISSN (online)	1868-677X
Scope