How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Check E. Stem cells: the hard copy. Nature. 2007;446:485–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Yin Q-Z, Jacobsen SB. Geochemistry: does U-Pb date Earth’s core formation? Nature. 2006;444:E1; discussion E2-3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Saether B-E, Engen S, Matthysen E. Demographic characteristics and population dynamical patterns of solitary birds. Science. 2002;295:2070–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sun C, Ma M, Yang J, Zhang Y, Chen P, Huang W, et al. Phase-controlled synthesis of α-NiS nanoparticles confined in carbon nanorods for high performance supercapacitors. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7054.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Anderson D. TKO Sales! Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

1. Heber-Katz E, Stocum DL, editors. New Perspectives in Regeneration. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Schnitzer H, Titz M. Technology Wedges for Low Carbon-Strategies in Industry. In: Barbir F, Ulgiati S, editors. Energy Options Impact on Regional Security. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 109–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Jaguar Attacks Caiman. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Indian Affairs: Bureau of Indian Education Needs to Improve Oversight of School Spending. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Nov. Report No.: GAO-15-121.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mendez H. Examination of friendship and burnout among child welfare workers [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Feeney K. Freshness City Dwellers Hunger For. New York Times. 2008 Jun 29;NJ11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles
Abbreviation	Pharmacoecon. Ital. Res. Artic.
ISSN (print)	1590-9158
ISSN (online)	2035-6137
Scope	Health Policy Pharmacology (medical)