How to format your references using the Photosynthetica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photosynthetica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scott, J.F.: Applications of modern ferroelectrics. – Science 315: 954–959, 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

Prins, G., Rayner, S.: Time to ditch Kyoto. – Nature 449: 973–975, 2007.

A journal article with 3 authors

Samuelsson, A., Towers, T.L., Ravetch, J.V.: Anti-inflammatory activity of IVIG mediated through the inhibitory Fc receptor. – Science 291: 484–486, 2001.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Biswas, S., Grant, M., Samajdar, I., et al.: Micromechanics of emergent patterns in plastic flows. – Sci. Rep. 3: 2728, 2013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

English, J.F.: The Global Future of English Studies. – John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK 2012.

An edited book

Dissanayake, C.B.: Introduction to Medical Geology. – Chandrajith, R. (ed.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Fehr, E.: The Effect of Neuropeptides on Human Trust and Altruism: A Neuroeconomic Perspective. – In: Pfaff, D.W., Kordon, C., Chanson, P., et al. (eds.): Hormones and Social Behaviour. Pp. 47–56. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2008.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photosynthetica.

Blog post

Hamilton, K.: What Happens When You Give A Squirrel A GoPro? – 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Review of the Department of Agriculture’s Role in Regulating Biotechnology. – U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Burnley, T.: Psychotherapist as Modern-Day Shaman. – Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G.: Maybe Bradley Should Make the First Move. – New York Times B11, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Scott 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Prins and Rayner 2007; Scott 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Prins and Rayner 2007)
Three or more authors: (Biswas et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Photosynthetica
ISSN (print)	0300-3604
ISSN (online)	1573-9058
Scope