How to format your references using the Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D.J. McCauley, Selling out on nature, Nature 443 (2006) 27–28.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R. Süsstrunk, S.D. Huber, PHYSICS. Observation of phononic helical edge states in a mechanical topological insulator, Science 349 (2015) 47–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Shimojo, Y. Kamitani, S. Nishida, Afterimage of perceptually filled-in surface, Science 293 (2001) 1677–1680.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X. Yu, Y. Yu, B. Liu, K. Luo, W. Kong, P. Mao, X.-F. Yu, Induction of APOBEC3G ubiquitination and degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF complex, Science 302 (2003) 1056–1060.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Y. Shi, M. Liu, F. Fang, Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

V.V. Das, J. Stephen, Y. Chaba, eds., Computer Networks and Information Technologies: Second International Conference on Advances in Communication, Network, and Computing, CNC 2011, Bangalore, India, March 10-11, 2011. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

K. Miller, Summary of Washington Group Question Evaluation Studies, in: B.M. Altman (Ed.), International Measurement of Disability: Purpose, Method and Application, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 69–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Powdered Alcohol Coming To The US, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/powdered-alcohol-coming-us/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, High Speed Passenger Rail: Developing Viable High Speed Rail Projects under the Recovery Act and Beyond, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. Miller, Assembly and analysis of an Sp185/333 gene cluster from the purple sea urchin: Putative evidence for microsatellite-mediated gene and segmental duplication, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Creswell, G.G. Gustines, A High-End Tussle, New York Times (2014) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
Abbreviation	Physica E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct.
ISSN (print)	1386-9477
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics