How to format your references using the Physical Review Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physical Review Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. A. Lee, Physics. Seeking out Majorana under the microscope, Science 346, 545 (2014).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C. M. Chandrashekar and T. Busch, Quantum percolation and transition point of a directed discrete-time quantum walk, Sci. Rep. 4, 6583 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J. S. M. Peiris, L. L. M. Poon, and Y. Guan, Public health. Surveillance of animal influenza for pandemic preparedness, Science 335, 1173 (2012).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Min, J. Jang, D. Keum, S.-W. Ryu, C. Choi, K.-H. Jeong, and J. C. Ye, Fluorescent microscopy beyond diffraction limits using speckle illumination and joint support recovery, Sci. Rep. 3, 2075 (2013).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Dinet, Information Retrieval in Digital Environments (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014).

An edited book

[1]

F. Cassez and C. Jard, editors , Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems: 6th International Conference, FORMATS 2008, Saint Malo, France, September 15-17, 2008. Proceedings, Vol. 5215 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008).

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

K. Konecsny, EXPERIENCE FROM OPERATION OF THE JOINT HUNGARIAN-UKRAINIAN HYDROLOGICAL TELEMETRY SYSTEM OF THE UPPER TISZA, in Transboundary Floods: Reducing Risks Through Flood Management, edited by J. Marsalek, G. Stancalie, and G. Balint (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2006), pp. 33–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physical Review Letters.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Scientists Have Discovered A Sixth Taste That Explains Why You Love Pizza So Damn Much, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-discovered-sixth-taste-explains-love-pizza-damn-much/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Operations of and Outlook for the Highway Trust Fund, No. T-RCED-90-79, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K. M. Mann, Evaluation of Transfer Technologies to Preserve Shoulder Function in SCI, Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. V. Green, Beds of State, New York Times 14WC15 (2006).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physical Review Letters
Abbreviation	Phys. Rev. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
Scope	General Physics and Astronomy