How to format your references using the Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Baker M. Postdoc redefined. Nature 2007;446:1114.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Yoo BC, Lubec G. p25 protein in neurodegeneration. Nature 2001;411:763–4; discussion 764-5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Harrington J, Palethorpe S, Watson CI. Does the Queen speak the Queen’s English? Nature 2000;408:927–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Wesolowski A, Stresman G, Eagle N, Stevenson J, Owaga C, Marube E, et al. Quantifying travel behavior for infectious disease research: a comparison of data from surveys and mobile phones. Sci Rep 2014;4:5678.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Phelan J. Reading the American Novel 1920-2010. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Lee S-W, Li SZ, editors. Advances in Biometrics: International Conference, ICB 2007, Seoul, Korea, August 27-29, 2007. Proceedings. vol. 4642. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bonadeo CM, Guidi A, Straface A, Marcotte RD, Bonadeo CM, Noble S, et al. Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyāʾ (Rhazes). In: Lagerlund H, editor. Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011, p. 6–10.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Scientists Create A Mind-Controlled Turtle. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-create-a-mindcontrolled-turtle/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: HUD Needs to Strengthen Its Capacity to Manage and Modernize Its Environment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Holman R. Music history pedagogy: Three approaches to teaching a one-semester music history survey course in accordance with the LEAP Initiative. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Dominus S. When the Revolution Came for Amy Cuddy. New York Times 2017:MM29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Phys. Imaging Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2405-6316
Scope