How to format your references using the Physiological and Biochemical Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alter H. 2011. Baruch Blumberg (1925-2011). Nature 473:155.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lowenstein T.K. and R.V. Demicco. 2006. Elevated Eocene atmospheric CO2 and its subsequent decline. Science 313:1928.

A journal article with 3 authors

Depew M.J., T. Lufkin, and J.L.R. Rubenstein. 2002. Specification of jaw subdivisions by Dlx genes. Science 298:381–385.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Dornan D., I. Wertz, H. Shimizu, D. Arnott, G.D. Frantz, P. Dowd, K. O’Rourke, et al. 2004. The ubiquitin ligase COP1 is a critical negative regulator of p53. Nature 429:86–92.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levy D. 2011. Practical Diabetes Care. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Schwartz R.A., J.A. Byrne, and A. Colaninno, eds. 2005. A Trading Desk’s View of Market Quality. Zicklin School of Business Financial Markets Conference Series Baruch College. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Khong T.Y. 2007. Spontaneous Abortion and the Pathology of Early Pregnancy. Pp. 102–122 in J.W. Keeling and T.Y. Khong eds. Fetal and Neonatal Pathology. Springer, London.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiological and Biochemical Zoology.

Blog post

Davis J. 2015. Americans Throw Twice As Much Trash In Landfills As Previously Thought. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1986. Data Security Software (No. 133201). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warren S.M. 2015. The leadership process: An analysis of follower influence on leader behavior in hospital organizations (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. 2017. The City Awakens. New York Times, p. MB7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Alter 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Lowenstein and Demicco 2006; Alter 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lowenstein and Demicco 2006)
Three or more authors: (Dornan et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
Abbreviation	Physiol. Biochem. Zool.
ISSN (print)	1522-2152
ISSN (online)	1537-5293
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Biochemistry Physiology