How to format your references using the Phytopathologia Mediterranea citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Phytopathologia Mediterranea. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon J., 2008. The Gonzo Scientist. Can scientists dance? Science (New York, N.Y.) 319: 905.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cardoso da Silva J.M., Tabarelli M., 2000. Tree species impoverishment and the future flora of the Atlantic forest of northeast Brazil. Nature 404: 72–74.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yin Q., Jacobsen S.B., Yamashita K., 2002. Diverse supernova sources of pre-solar material inferred from molybdenum isotopes in meteorites. Nature 415: 881–883.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jessop P.G., Heldebrant D.J., Li X., Eckert C.A., Liotta C.L., 2005. Green chemistry: reversible nonpolar-to-polar solvent. Nature 436: 1102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Murphy D.B., Davidson M.W., 2012. Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Battiato S., Blanc-Talon J., Gallo G., Philips W., Popescu D., Scheunders P. (eds), 2015. Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 16th International Conference, ACIVS 2015, Catania, Italy, October 26-29, 2015. Proceedings. Cham, Springer International Publishing, XXI, 897 p. 389 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Faggioni L., Paolicchi F., Marinelli M., 2010. Caratteristiche di base delle immagini TC. In: Elementi di tomografia computerizzata (F. Paolicchi and E. Neri, eds.), Milano, Springer, 49–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Phytopathologia Mediterranea.

Blog post

Andrews R., 2016. Check Out These Volcanologists Brewing Vast Batches Of Homemade Lava. IFLScience, IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/check-out-these-volcanologists-brewing-vast-batches-of-homemade-lava/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2011. Fiscal Year 2011 Agreed-Upon Procedures for Excise Tax Distributions to the Highway Trust Fund. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

DeLutis-Eichenberger A.N., 2010. El proceso semiótico de un héroe decimonónico: Un estudio en torno a los “textos-tumbas” de Andrés Bello. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh M.W., 2015. Puerto Rico to Restructure Up to $5.7 Billion in Debt. New York Times, 3 September, page B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bohannon, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Cardoso da Silva and Tabarelli, 2000; Bohannon, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cardoso da Silva and Tabarelli, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Jessop et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Phytopathologia Mediterranea
ISSN (print)	0031-9465
ISSN (online)	1593-2095
Scope