How to format your references using the Police Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Police Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sakai, K. L. (2005). Language acquisition and brain development. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5749), 815–819.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gray, J., & Druker, B. (2012). Genomics: the breast cancer landscape. Nature, 486(7403), 328–329.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liotta, L. A., Ferrari, M., & Petricoin, E. (2003). Clinical proteomics: written in blood. Nature, 425(6961), 905.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Fleming, I. A., Einum, S., Jonsson, B., & Jonsson, N. (2003). Comment on “rapid evolution of egg size in captive Salmon.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5642), 59; discussion 59.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chin, W. (2016). Reservoir Engineering in Modern Oilfields. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

El-Khatib, Z. (2012). Distributed CMOS Bidirectional Amplifiers: Broadbanding and Linearization Techniques (L. MacEachern & S. A. Mahmoud, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Fiedler, T., & Öchsner, A. (2009). Elastic-Plastic Properties: Simulation and Experiment. In A. Öechsner & C. Augustin (Eds.), Multifunctional Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures: Manufacturing, Properties and Application (pp. 47–70). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Police Practice and Research.

Blog post

Carpineti, C. (2017, March 21). This Incredible Futuristic Hoverbike Is Like Something Straight Out Of Star Wars. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-incredible-futuristic-hoverbike-is-like-something-straight-out-of-star-wars/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). Department of Education: Management of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (HRD-90-21BR). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Murillo, K. (2010). An analysis of California community college budget policy key components in multicollege districts [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, June 16). Brought Together by a Fight With Cancer and a Love of Baseball. New York Times, D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sakai, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Gray & Druker, 2012; Sakai, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gray & Druker, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Fleming et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Police Practice and Research
Abbreviation	Police Pract. Res.
ISSN (print)	1561-4263
ISSN (online)	1477-271X
Scope	Social Sciences (miscellaneous) Law