How to format your references using the Primates citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Primates. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hilton D (2015) Practical policies can combat gender inequality. Nature 523:7

A journal article with 2 authors

Chang F, Peter M (2002) Cell biology. Formins set the record straight. Science 297:531–532

A journal article with 3 authors

Donlea JM, Ramanan N, Shaw PJ (2009) Use-dependent plasticity in clock neurons regulates sleep need in Drosophila. Science 324:105–108

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Han Z, Yin W, Zhang J, et al (2013) Active anti-erosion protection strategy in tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla). Sci Rep 3:3429

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Birla R (2014) Introduction to Tissue Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Greene RE (2011) The Geometry of Complex Domains. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Sobolev SL (2006) On Vibrations of a Half-Plane and a Layer with Arbitrary Initial Conditions. In: Demidenko GV, Vaskevich VL (eds) Selected Works of S.L. Sobolev: Volume I: Mathematical Physics, Computational Mathematics, and Cubature Formulas. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 131–167

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Primates.

Blog post

Evans K (2017) First Global Analysis Of Alien Species Reveals World’s “Hotspots.” In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/first-global-analysis-of-alien-species-reveals-worlds-hotspots/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) From School to Work. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chow BJ (2016) Forming Infrastructural Materials by Mechanical Compaction of Lunar and Martian Regolith Simulants. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Davidson A (2012) God Save the British Economy. New York Times MM18

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hilton 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Chang and Peter 2002; Hilton 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chang and Peter 2002)
Three or more authors: (Han et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Primates
Abbreviation	Primates
ISSN (print)	0032-8332
ISSN (online)	1610-7365
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology