How to format your references using the Procedia Early Career Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Procedia Early Career Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Houston, S.D., 2006. Anthropology. An example of Preclassic Mayan writing? Science 311, 1249–1250.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reverter, D., Lima, C.D., 2005. Insights into E3 ligase activity revealed by a SUMO-RanGAP1-Ubc9-Nup358 complex. Nature 435, 687–692.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marimuthu, A., Zhang, J., Linic, S., 2013. Tuning selectivity in propylene epoxidation by plasmon mediated photo-switching of Cu oxidation state. Science 339, 1590–1593.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Borden, J.H., Marland, G., Schlamadinger, B., Matthews, R., Schulze, E.D., Wirth, C., Heimann, M., 2000. “Kyoto forests” and a broader perspective on management. Science 290, 1895c–986c.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

El Hami, A., Radi, B., 2013. Uncertainty and Optimization in Structural Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Holick, M.F. (Ed.), 2010. Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications, Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.

A chapter in an edited book

Perlin, H.A., Lopes, H.S., 2013. A Genetic Programming Approach for Image Segmentation, in: Chatterjee, A., Siarry, P. (Eds.), Computational Intelligence in Image Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 71–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Procedia Early Career Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Researchers Develop Muscle Powered Biorobots [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/researchers-develop-muscle-powered-biorobots/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1982. A Summary of the Legislative Provisions of the Block Grants Created by the 1981 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (No. IPE-83-2). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boyer, T.H., 2008. Removal of natural organic matter by anion exchange: Multiscale experimentation and mathematical modeling (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G., 2015. Diversity Comes to Superheroes. New York Times D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Houston, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Houston, 2006; Reverter and Lima, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reverter and Lima, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Borden et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Procedia Early Career Research
ISSN (print)	2405-8815
Scope