How to format your references using the Journal of Photonics for Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Photonics for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

L. R. Forrest, “Structural biology. (Pseudo-)symmetrical transport,” Science 339(6118), 399–401 (2013).

A journal article with 2 authors

K. Kumar and E.-H. Yang, “On the growth mode of two-lobed curvilinear graphene domains at atmospheric pressure,” Sci. Rep. 3, 2571 (2013).

A journal article with 3 authors

H. Aviezer, Y. Trope, and A. Todorov, “Body cues, not facial expressions, discriminate between intense positive and negative emotions,” Science 338(6111), 1225–1229 (2012).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

G. S. Erwin et al., “Synthetic transcription elongation factors license transcription across repressive chromatin,” Science 358(6370), 1617–1622 (2017).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

W. Hoffmann, The Economic Competitiveness of Renewable Energy, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2014).

An edited book

R. C. Elphic and C. T. Russell, Eds., The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer Mission (LADEE), Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015).

A chapter in an edited book

R. Rapp et al., “In-Medium Excitations,” in The CBM Physics Book: Compressed Baryonic Matter in Laboratory Experiments, B. Friman et al., Eds., pp. 335–529, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Photonics for Energy.

Blog post

E. Andrew, “New Images Provide Strongest Evidence So Far For Liquid Water On Mars,” IFLScience, 12 February 2014, <https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-images-provide-strongest-evidence-so-far-liquid-water-mars/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Telecommunications: Charges for Itemized Cellular Telephone Bills,” RCED-93-214FS, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1993).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

T. Buckingham, “Every teacher an English teacher? Literacy strategy teaching and research in the content area of science education,” Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University (2012).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

M. W. Walsh, “U.S. Sues UnitedHealth Over Medicare Charges,” in New York Times, p. B2 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Photonics for Energy
ISSN (online)	1947-7988
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics