How to format your references using the Progress in Materials Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Materials Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Simmons R. Sense and sensibility. Nature 2001;411:243.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

McNeill JR, Winiwarter V. Breaking the sod: humankind, history, and soil. Science 2004;304:1627–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

True HL, Berlin I, Lindquist SL. Epigenetic regulation of translation reveals hidden genetic variation to produce complex traits. Nature 2004;431:184–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zhang T, Shen H, Dong W, Qu X, Liu Q, Du J. Antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of figitumumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to IGF-1 receptor, in esophageal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2014;4:6855.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Singleton TW, Singleton AJ. Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Isahara H, Kanzaki K, editors. Advances in Natural Language Processing: 8th International Conference on NLP, JapTAL 2012, Kanazawa, Japan, October 22-24, 2012. Proceedings. vol. 7614. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Chauvicourt F, Orlando S, Desmet W, Gyselinck JJC, Faria CT. Experimental Study on the Impact of the Number of Laminas on the Dynamics Behavior of an Electric Machine Stator. In: Mains M, editor. Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 10: Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 73–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Materials Science.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Wire-Bending Crow Just Doing What Comes Naturally. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wirebending-crow-just-doing-what-comes-naturally/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Rail Security: Some Actions Taken to Enhance Passenger and Freight Rail Security, but Significant Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kang EY. Late Twentieth-Century Piano Concert Etudes: A Style Study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kishkovsky S. Submarine’s Namesake City Hurts As Minute After Minute Ticks Away. New York Times 2000:A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Materials Science
Abbreviation	Prog. Mater. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0079-6425
Scope	General Materials Science