How to format your references using the PROSPECTS citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PROSPECTS. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bradshaw, R. A. (2013). Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012). Nature, 493(7432), 306.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rowe, C., & Healy, S. D. (2011). Evolution. Is bigger always better? Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6043), 708–709.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhao, W., Luo, J., & Jiao, S. (2014). Comprehensive characterization of cancer subtype associated long non-coding RNAs and their clinical implications. Scientific reports, 4, 6591.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hiramitsu, M., Shimada, Y., Kuroyanagi, J., Inoue, T., Katagiri, T., Zang, L., et al. (2014). Eriocitrin ameliorates diet-induced hepatic steatosis with activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Scientific reports, 4, 3708.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Florczyk, S. (2004). Robot Vision. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Privat, M. (2011). Beginning OS X Lion Apps Development. (R. Warner, Ed.). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Panagiotou, N., Zygouras, N., Katakis, I., Gunopulos, D., Zacheilas, N., Boutsis, I., et al. (2016). INSIGHT: Dynamic Traffic Management Using Heterogeneous Urban Data. In B. Berendt, B. Bringmann, É. Fromont, G. Garriga, P. Miettinen, N. Tatti, & V. Tresp (Eds.), Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2016, Riva del Garda, Italy, September 19-23, 2016, Proceedings, Part III (pp. 22–26). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PROSPECTS.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2015, October 19). The Internet Has Found A Buddha Statue On Mars. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/internet-has-found-god-s-statue-mars/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Air Force Assessment of the Joint Strike Fighter’s Aerial Refueling Method (No. GAO-05-316R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McMiller, B. (2010). Policy analysis on the Adoption and Safe Family Act of 1997 (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, August 12). First-Base Prospect Finally Lives the Dream During a Mets Victory. New York Times, p. D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bradshaw 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Bradshaw 2013; Rowe and Healy 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rowe and Healy 2011)
Three or more authors: (Hiramitsu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	PROSPECTS
Abbreviation	Prospects (Paris)
ISSN (print)	0033-1538
ISSN (online)	1573-9090
Scope	Education