How to format your references using the Psychological Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychological Medicine (PSM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grünbaum, D. (2006). Behavior. Align in the sand. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5778), 1320–1322.

A journal article with 2 authors

Park, H.-J., & Friston, K. (2013). Structural and functional brain networks: from connections to cognition. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6158), 1238411.

A journal article with 3 authors

Oganov, A. R., Brodholt, J. P., & Price, G. D. (2001). The elastic constants of MgSiO3 perovskite at pressures and temperatures of the Earth’s mantle. Nature, 411(6840), 934–937.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Nanayama, F., Satake, K., Furukawa, R., Shimokawa, K., Atwater, B. F., Shigeno, K., & Yamaki, S. (2003). Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril trench. Nature, 424(6949), 660–663.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Numai, T. (2010). Laser Diodes and their Applications to Communications and Information Processing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bardos, C., & Fursikov, A. (Eds.). (2008). Instability in Models Connected with Fluid Flows II. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Alford, Z., & White, M. A. (2015). Positive School Psychology. In M. A. White & A. S. Murray (Eds.), Evidence-Based Approaches in Positive Education: Implementing a Strategic Framework for Well-being in Schools (pp. 93–109). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychological Medicine.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2017, March 3). Do You Really Want To Know What’s Lurking In Your Genome? Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience website: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/do-you-really-want-to-know-whats-lurking-in-your-genome/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2001). Aviation Rulemaking: Incomplete Implementation Impaired FAA’s Reform Efforts (No. GAO-01-950T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Portwood, B. (2017). Inclusive Special and General Education Secondary Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the General Education Setting (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt, M. S., & Apuzzo, M. (2017, June 6). Comey Didn’t Want to Be Alone With President, He Told Sessions. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grünbaum, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Grünbaum, 2006; Park & Friston, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Park & Friston, 2013)
Three authors: (Oganov, Brodholt, & Price, 2001)
6 or more authors: (Nanayama et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychological Medicine
Abbreviation	Psychol. Med.
ISSN (print)	0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health Applied Psychology