How to format your references using the Protoplasma citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Protoplasma. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Amelino-Camelia G (2007) Theoretical physics: walk the Planck. Nature 448:257

A journal article with 2 authors

Tarasov L, Peltier WR (2005) Arctic freshwater forcing of the Younger Dryas cold reversal. Nature 435:662–665

A journal article with 3 authors

Moeller S, Freiwald WA, Tsao DY (2008) Patches with links: a unified system for processing faces in the macaque temporal lobe. Science 320:1355–1359

A journal article with 5 or more authors

de Fockert JW, Rees G, Frith CD, Lavie N (2001) The role of working memory in visual selective attention. Science 291:1803–1806

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rankin J (2008) Effects of Antenatal Exercise on Psychological Well-Being, Pregnancy and Birth Outcome. Whurr Publishers Ltd, Philadelphia, PA, USA

An edited book

Onishi Y, Voitsekhovich OV, Zheleznyak MJ (eds) (2007) Chernobyl – What Have We Learned?: The Successes and Failures to Mitigate Water Contamination over 20 Years. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Newcomb B, Hannun YA (2015) Sphingolipids as Mediators of Breast Cancer Progression, Metastasis, Response and Resistance to Chemotherapy. In: Hannun YA, Luberto C, Mao C, Obeid LM (eds) Bioactive Sphingolipids in Cancer Biology and Therapy. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 81–106

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Protoplasma.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) NASA Shares Beautiful Image Of Volcanic Eruption Aftermath As Seen From Space. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Preliminary Observations on Past, Present, and Future. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baker D (2016) Does team patient care mean better patient outcomes? Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly D (1995) The Pink Sheep. New York Times 729

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Amelino-Camelia 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Tarasov and Peltier 2005; Amelino-Camelia 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tarasov and Peltier 2005)
Three or more authors: (de Fockert et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Protoplasma
Abbreviation	Protoplasma
ISSN (print)	0033-183X
ISSN (online)	1615-6102
Scope	Plant Science Cell Biology General Medicine