How to format your references using the Qualitative Psychology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Qualitative Psychology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lea, D. W. (2014). Oceans. Not so permanent El Niño. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6179), 52–53.

A journal article with 2 authors

Esmaeili-Rad, M. R., & Salahuddin, S. (2013). High performance molybdenum disulfide amorphous silicon heterojunction photodetector. Scientific Reports, 3, 2345.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gupta, A. K., Anderson, D. M., & Overpeck, J. T. (2003). Abrupt changes in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 421(6921), 354–357.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Xiao, B., Sanders, M. J., Underwood, E., Heath, R., Mayer, F. V., Carmena, D., Jing, C., Walker, P. A., Eccleston, J. F., Haire, L. F., Saiu, P., Howell, S. A., Aasland, R., Martin, S. R., Carling, D., & Gamblin, S. J. (2011). Structure of mammalian AMPK and its regulation by ADP. Nature, 472(7342), 230–233.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Windom, C. A., Sr., Gaidhani, H., & Fontana, A. (2010). Virtualizing. Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Asche, C. (Ed.). (2016). Applying Comparative Effectiveness Data to Medical Decision Making: A Practical Guide. Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Wayne, M. A., McCoy, A. M., & Utarnachitt, R. B. (2016). Emergency Medical Services and Atrial Fibrillation. In W. F. Peacock & C. L. Clark (Eds.), Short Stay Management of Atrial Fibrillation (pp. 43–49). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Qualitative Psychology.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, August 9). 17 Signs You’re Intelligent — Even If It Doesn’t Feel Like It. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). DOD Business Systems Modernization: Longstanding Management and Oversight Weaknesses Continue to Put Investments at Risk (GAO-03-553T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Slayton, K. A. (2013). A psychoeducational support group for families of youth experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2008, February 6). A Second Case on Detainees Complicates Supreme Court Deliberations. New York Times, A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lea, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Esmaeili-Rad & Salahuddin, 2013; Lea, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Esmaeili-Rad & Salahuddin, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Xiao et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Qualitative Psychology
Abbreviation	Qual. Psychol.
ISSN (print)	2326-3601
ISSN (online)	2326-3598
Scope