How to format your references using the Quaternary Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quaternary Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston, D., 2009. Climate future. Nature 459, 628.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cox, B., Beard, P., 2015. Imaging techniques: Super-resolution ultrasound. Nature 527, 451–452.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kennedy, S., Wang, D., Ruvkun, G., 2004. A conserved siRNA-degrading RNase negatively regulates RNA interference in C. elegans. Nature 427, 645–649.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bell, S., Wüstenberg, B., Kaiser, S., Menges, F., Netscher, T., Pfaltz, A., 2006. Asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized, purely alkyl-substituted olefins. Science 311, 642–644.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG, 2013. MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 2013. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Arino, O., Hbid, M.L., Dads, E.A. (Eds.), 2006. Delay Differential Equations and Applications, NATO Science Series, II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Di Gaspero, L., Gärtner, J., Musliu, N., Schaerf, A., Schafhauser, W., Slany, W., 2013. Automated Shift Design and Break Scheduling, in: Uyar, A.S., Ozcan, E., Urquhart, N. (Eds.), Automated Scheduling and Planning: From Theory to Practice, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 109–127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quaternary Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Time-Lapse Footage From ISS Gives Spectacular Aerial View of Earth at Night [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/time-lapse-footage-iss-gives-spectacular-aerial-view-earth-night/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Space Shuttle: Further Improvements Needed in NASA’s Modernization Efforts (No. GAO-04-203). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moose, A.M., 2013. The Relationship of Distributed Expertise and Shared Leadership in New Product Development Teams: A Comparative Case Study (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W., 2016. Puerto Rico Senate Votes to Halt Payments on $72 Billion Debt. New York Times B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Cox and Beard, 2015; Goldston, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cox and Beard, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Bell et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Quaternary Research
Abbreviation	Quat. Res.
ISSN (print)	0033-5894
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Earth and Planetary Sciences Earth-Surface Processes