How to format your references using the Radiology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Carslaw K. Atmospheric physics: Cosmic rays, clouds and climate. Nature 2009;460:332–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Thomas DN, Dieckmann GS. Antarctic Sea ice--a habitat for extremophiles. Science 2002;295:641–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Choudhury S, Morgan D, Uberuaga BP. Massive interfacial reconstruction at misfit dislocations in metal/oxide interfaces. Sci Rep 2014;4:6533.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Schafer ZT, Grassian AR, Song L, Jiang Z, Gerhart-Hines Z, Irie HY, et al. Antioxidant and oncogene rescue of metabolic defects caused by loss of matrix attachment. Nature 2009;461:109–13.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Abdel-aleem S. The Design and Management of Medical Device clinical Trials. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Sumathi S. Introduction to Data Mining and its Applications. vol. 29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sachithanadam M, Joshi SC. A New Phenomenon—Brittle to Ductile Transition. In: Joshi SC, editor. Silica Aerogel Composites: Novel Fabrication Methods, Singapore: Springer; 2016, p. 51–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiology Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Experiment Fails To Find Dark Matter After 20 Months Of Searching. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. School Bullying: Legal Protections for Vulnerable Youth Need to Be More Fully Assessed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Glasgow HL. Design and Selection of Probes for In Vivo Molecular Targeting and Imaging. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Writer-Politician To Be Freed. New York Times 2003:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Radiol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	1930-0433
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging