How to format your references using the Rare Metals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Rare Metals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. James KS. India’s demographic change: opportunities and challenges. Science. 2011;333:576–80.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Scott MP, Lawrence PA. Obituary: Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004). Nature. 2004;431:143.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Våge S, Storesund JE, Thingstad TF. SAR11 viruses and defensive host strains. Nature. 2013;499:E3-4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Khaitovich P, Hellmann I, Enard W, Nowick K, Leinweber M, Franz H, et al. Parallel patterns of evolution in the genomes and transcriptomes of humans and chimpanzees. Science. 2005;309:1850–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Fu F. Advanced Modelling Techniques in Structural Design. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Hage J, Morazán MT, editors. Implementation and Application of Functional Languages: 22nd International Symposium, IFL 2010, Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands, September 1-3, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gan L-S, Lee FW, Nagaraja N, Li P, Labutti J, Yin W, et al. Case History — Use of ADME Studies for Optimization of Drug Candidates. In: Borchardt RT, Kerns EH, Hageman MJ, Thakker DR, Stevens JL, editors. Optimizing the “Drug-Like” Properties of Leads in Drug Discovery. New York, NY: Springer; 2006. p. 81–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Rare Metals.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. NASA’s HiRISE Camera Shows The Frosty Valleys Of Mars. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: System Management Capabilities Improved, but More Can Be Done to Institutionalize Improvements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 Aug. Report No.: GAO-04-901.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rodgers R. Phylogenomic Analysis of Fundulidae Using RNA-Sequencing Data [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Davey M, Walsh MW. Chicago Sees Pension Crisis Drawing Near. New York Times. 2013 Aug 6;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Rare Metals
Abbreviation	Rare Metals
ISSN (print)	1001-0521
ISSN (online)	1867-7185
Scope	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Materials Chemistry Metals and Alloys Condensed Matter Physics