How to format your references using the Recycling citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Recycling. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bascompte, J. Disentangling the Web of Life. Science 2009, 325, 416–419.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raiborg, C.; Stenmark, H. Cell Biology. A Helix for the Final Cut. Science 2011, 331, 1533–1534.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, K.G.; Jackson, J.B.C.; Budd, A.F. Caribbean Reef Development Was Independent of Coral Diversity over 28 Million Years. Science 2008, 319, 1521–1523.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Al-Dirini, F.; Hossain, F.M.; Nirmalathas, A.; Skafidas, E. All-Graphene Planar Self-Switching MISFEDs, Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Diodes. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 3983.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cretu, O.; Stewart, R.; Berends, T. Risk Management for Design and Construction; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2011; ISBN 9781118984017.

An edited book

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Pathology, Imaging, and Current Therapy; Evens, A.M., Blum, K.A., Eds.; Cancer Treatment and Research; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; Vol. 165; ISBN 9783319131498.

A chapter in an edited book

Hattotuwagama, C.K.; Doytchinova, I.A.; Guan, P.; Flower, D.R. In Silico QSAR-Based Predictions of Class I and Class II MHC Epitopes. In Immunoinformatics; Schönbach, C., Ranganathan, S., Brusic, V., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2008; pp. 63–89 ISBN 9780387729671.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Recycling.

Blog post

Fang, J. Millions of Gallons of “Missing” BP Oil Are Sitting at the Bottom of the Gulf Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/millions-gallons-missing-bp-oil-are-sitting-bottom-gulf/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Commercial Drivers: Certification Process for Drivers with Serious Medical Conditions; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2008;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pelayo, A.M. A Case Study on the Development of Team -Based Leadership Structure in the Hospital Industry. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR, N. Closed Before It Opens. New York Times 2017, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Recycling
ISSN (online)	2313-4321
Scope