How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Benton R. Eppendorf winner. Evolution and revolution in odor detection. Science 2009;326:382–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lendlein A, Langer R. Biodegradable, elastic shape-memory polymers for potential biomedical applications. Science 2002;296:1673–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lampard GR, Macalister CA, Bergmann DC. Arabidopsis stomatal initiation is controlled by MAPK-mediated regulation of the bHLH SPEECHLESS. Science 2008;322:1113–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Guan N, Shin H-D, Chen RR, Li J, Liu L, Du G, et al. Understanding of how Propionibacterium acidipropionici respond to propionic acid stress at the level of proteomics. Sci Rep 2014;4:6951.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Jones NF. The JCT Major Project Form. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Balla T, Wymann M, York JD, editors. Phosphoinositides II: The Diverse Biological Functions. vol. 59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Dodson J. Climate Change Through Time. In: Talent JA, editor. Earth and Life: Global Biodiversity, Extinction Intervals and Biogeographic Perturbations Through Time, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012, p. 51–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. How We’re Saving The Mountain Chicken Frog From One Of The World’s Worst Wildlife Diseases. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-were-saving-the-mountain-chicken-frog-from-one-of-the-worlds-worst-wildlife-diseases/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. District of Columbia: D.C. Public Schools Inappropriately Used Gas Utility Contract for Renovations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Nomberg RI. Understanding interest group strategies: A case study of civic leaders collaborating with local government. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Billard M. When Just Being Alive Was Beyond Belief. New York Times 2013:E7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	1045-4527
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery