How to format your references using the Silva Fennica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Silva Fennica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rehmann H (2013) Epac-inhibitors: facts and artefacts. Sci Rep 3: 3032

A journal article with 2 authors

Hawthorne DJ, Via S (2001) Genetic linkage of ecological specialization and reproductive isolation in pea aphids. Nature 412: 904–907

A journal article with 3 authors

Nemecek JC, Wüthrich M, Klein BS (2006) Global control of dimorphism and virulence in fungi. Science 312: 583–588

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Long JA, Ohno C, Smith ZR, Meyerowitz EM (2006) TOPLESS regulates apical embryonic fate in Arabidopsis. Science 312: 1520–1523

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith CL (2012) Distillation Control. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Mukhopadhyay SC, Lay-Ekuakille A (eds) (2010) Advances in Biomedical Sensing, Measurements, Instrumentation and Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Sparrow JR (2012) Bisretinoid Lipofuscin in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Oxidative Processes and Disease Implications. In: Stratton RD, Hauswirth WW, Gardner TW (eds) Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 95–111

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Silva Fennica.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Genetically Modified Moths Could Save Crops. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/genetically-modified-moths-tested-save-crops/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Intercity Passenger Rail: Issues Associated With a Possible Amtrak Liquidation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Okada H (2008) Modulation of BACE1 by a novel sorting nexin in Alzheimer’s disease. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E (1998) Body Coddling a la Mode. New York Times 149

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rehmann 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Hawthorne and Via 2001; Rehmann 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hawthorne and Via 2001)
Three or more authors: (Long et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Silva Fennica
ISSN (print)	2242-4075
Scope