How to format your references using the Solar Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solar Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brumfiel, G., 2009. Arms pact could boost US-Russian science. Nature 460, 316.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tumer, E.C., Brainard, M.S., 2007. Performance variability enables adaptive plasticity of “crystallized” adult birdsong. Nature 450, 1240–1244.

A journal article with 3 authors

Penmatsa, A., Wang, K.H., Gouaux, E., 2013. X-ray structure of dopamine transporter elucidates antidepressant mechanism. Nature 503, 85–90.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Minzenberg, M.J., Watrous, A.J., Yoon, J.H., Ursu, S., Carter, C.S., 2008. Modafinil shifts human locus coeruleus to low-tonic, high-phasic activity during functional MRI. Science 322, 1700–1702.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duckert, G.H., 2010. Practical Enterprise Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Dahlkamp, F.J. (Ed.), 2009. Uranium Deposits of the World: Asia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Partap, S., Fisher, P.G., 2010. Embryonal Tumors, in: Gupta, N., Banerjee, A., Haas-Kogan, D. (Eds.), Pediatric CNS Tumors, Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 89–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solar Energy.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Engineering’s Unexpected And Microscopic Beauty [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2006. Airline Deregulation: Reregulating the Airline Industry Would Likely Reverse Consumer Benefits and Not Save Airline Pensions (No. GAO-06-630). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Theisen, T.D., 2008. Improving the collaboration infrastructure of an online inter -institutional consortium (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ryerson, J., 2017. University Presses. New York Times BR27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brumfiel, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Brumfiel, 2009; Tumer and Brainard, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tumer and Brainard, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Minzenberg et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solar Energy
Abbreviation	Sol. Energy
ISSN (print)	0038-092X
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment General Materials Science