How to format your references using the SLEEP citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for SLEEP. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ledford H. Minimum telomere length defined for healthy cells. Nature. 2007;449(7162):515.

A journal article with 2 authors

Suzuki Y, Nijhout HF. Evolution of a polyphenism by genetic accommodation. Science. 2006;311(5761):650-652.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fischle W, Wang Y, Allis CD. Binary switches and modification cassettes in histone biology and beyond. Nature. 2003;425(6957):475-479.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Suzuki H, Thiele TR, Faumont S, Ezcurra M, Lockery SR, Schafer WR. Functional asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans taste neurons and its computational role in chemotaxis. Nature. 2008;454(7200):114-117.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Corsi P, Dulieu M. The Marketing of Technology Intensive Products and Services. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Singh VK, Srivastava HM, Venturino E, Resch M, Gupta V, eds. Modern Mathematical Methods and High Performance Computing in Science and Technology: M3HPCST, Ghaziabad, India, December 2015. Vol 171. Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Krieg NR. Identification of Procaryotes. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM, eds. Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part A Introductory Essays. Springer US; 2005:33-38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for SLEEP.

Blog post

Davis J. Enormous Algal Bloom In Chile Is Poisoning Wildlife. IFLScience. May 15, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/largest-red-tide-outbreak-currently-hitting-southern-chile/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Electronic Government: Challenges to Effective Adoption of the Extensible Markup Language. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Molina-Gutierrez E. Keys to My Home: A Grant Proposal Project. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. A Juniors Defeat Doesn’t Dampen A Traveler’s Stay. New York Times. September 5, 2017:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	SLEEP
Abbreviation	Sleep
ISSN (print)	0161-8105
ISSN (online)	1550-9109
Scope	Clinical Neurology Physiology (medical)